The electricity system is transforming due to renewable energy integration, decentralized generation, and digitalization. The traditional unidirectional grid is evolving into a dynamic, bidirectional system with distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar, wind, EVs, and storage. This shift, along with electrification and decarbonization goals, requires enhanced coordination to maintain reliability and efficiency.
By gathering experience and insights gained from global pilot projects in the field of providing flexibility for coordinated capacity management of transmission and distribution system operators, a holistic overview of the ongoing developments in the integration of flexibility can be presented.